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<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\nDetermining positions via satellite<\/strong> The ppm10xx GNSS sensor is designed to minimize the effects of this phenomenon: the device is able to process the signals of several global satellite navigation systems, including not only GPS from the USA but also GALILEO (Europe), BEIDOU (China) and GLONASS (Russia). This means that there are always enough satellites available to determine the exact position. The flexible gooseneck antenna further improves reception by allowing it to be aligned individually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n When the tree inventory was first created between 2008 and 2017, the position was determined using the integrated GPS in the tablet, which sometimes led to extreme inaccuracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Seamless integration of position data<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n For field work, the tree inspectors attach the ppm10xx GNSS sensor to the back of their tablet using a clamp system and connect it via USB. The tablets have a large, user-friendly screen that allows for comfortable work even in outdoor lighting conditions. Once the satellites have found the position of a tree, the inspector can use the touch function in the RIWA tree control app to record this point and store any necessary maintenance measures. The sensor also allows for eccentric measurement: this allows the center of the tree to be determined even when the inspector is standing next to the tree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n All the data collected is stored in the RIWA GIS center and is therefore available centrally. The PPM Commander, a software that ensures seamless integration of GNSS data into a wide range of application programs, serves as the link between the two systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n As soon as the arborists arrive at the site, they can also access the position of the tree and the measures to be carried out from the cloud using a tablet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lightweight and compact<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n In addition to precise positioning and flexible data management via the cloud, the compact dimensions and low weight of the GNSS sensor make work significantly easier for tree managers. With external dimensions of just 10x5x3 centimeters and a weight of 130 grams, the ppm10xx GNSS sensor is not a burden, even during long working days in the field. Depending on the application, the sensor can also be combined with an antenna rod kit. This consists of a pluggable, two-meter-long carbon rod to which a precise GNSS helix antenna is attached. This provides tree inspectors with a traditional surveying system that weighs less than a kilogram (805 g).<\/p>\n\n\n A wide range of possible uses<\/strong> But Michael Degle has yet another use for the satellite receiver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Currently, the square in front of the Amalienburg in the Nymphenburg Palace Park in Munich is to be equipped with replicas of historical benches to restore its original appearance. For the planning, it is necessary to create a survey of the site and to measure the water-bound paths. Here, too, Degle uses the ppm10xx GNSS sensor and is impressed by its performance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tree management increasingly important<\/strong>
An exact position is the linchpin of tree management. After the tree inspectors have determined measures for a tree, such as the removal of rotten branches, the arborists in charge must be able to reliably find the corresponding tree in the terrain. However, position detection via GNSS is particularly challenging under trees. Often, the measurement result is less accurate than in open spaces because foliage and branches interrupt the satellite signal. Experts speak of \u201cshading\u201d here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u201cWith the old system, positions were sometimes located up to 20 meters from the actual tree,\u201d <\/em>Degle recalls. \u201cWith the ppm10xx GNSS, we achieve a significant improvement.\u201d<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Responsibility for tree management at the Bavarian Palace Administration is currently divided between three regional competence centers in Munich, Garmisch and Bamberg. Landscape architect Degle coordinates the team of nine tree inspectors, which is made up of arborists and agricultural specialists in tree care. In addition to the revision of the existing tree registry, around 14,000 individual trees on the shores of Bavarian lakes that require safety maintenance must also be recorded. Each of the three competence centers has a ppm10xx GNSS sensor for this purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u201cThe device also provides us with valuable services in the preservation of historical monuments, for example in the measurement of paths and garden beds,\u201d <\/em>says Degle.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u201cI was able to measure 700 points with the ppm10xx GNSS sensor in three hours. It would have taken us days to do this before.\u201d<\/em><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Whether due to extreme weather conditions, long dry spells or invasive pests \u2013 climate change is having a severe impact on native trees and thus also poses major challenges for the Bavarian Palace Administration. Should anyone come to harm from a tree, the tree owner is liable, in this case the Free State of Bavaria. With climate change on the increase, maintenance and control are absolutely essential for safety. For landscape architect Degle, however, tree management means much more than that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u201cManagers are employed in the business world wherever large capital is managed. The capital of our historical gardens are the old and valuable trees that need to be preserved.\u201d<\/em><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n